<p>The Berry House was a historic building in Dardanelle, Arkansas. It was originally built in 1872 as the First Presbyterian Church. About 1912, it was converted to a private residence, and the congregation moved into its current location.</p><br>
<p>The building was a single-story brick structure, with a gabled roof and brick foundation. A cross-gabled porch projected from the front, supported by square posts. It originally had a bell tower and vernacular style. During the conversion to a house, the tower was removed, and the Craftsman-style porch was added.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. After several building experts examined the structural integrity of the house, it was determined that the structure was no longer safe. Accordingly, the structure was demolished on January 23, 2020. It was removed from the National Register in 2024.</p><br>
<p>The Dardanelle Methodist Church, formerly the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is a historic church at 100 North 2nd Street in Dardanelle, Arkansas. It is a -story brick building, constructed in 1891 and extensively altered into its present Prairie School appearance in 1917. The congregation was organized in 1848, and first met in a schoolhouse prior to the construction of its first sanctuary in 1858.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Cherokee Friends Church is a Society of Friends church in the city of Cherokee, Oklahoma. Its original church, located at 120 S. Pennsylvania in Cherokee, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Because of structural problems to the original church, in 2003 the Friends Church moved to a new building at 61177 Grant Road in Cherokee.</p><br>
<p>The church grew from about 75 members in 1902 to almost 300 members by 1919. Its historic building, built during 1919-20 by contractor Edward Smith, is a two-story, red brick Craftsman-style building.</p><br>
<p>The historic church&#39;s is "unique in its design among churches in the greater Cherokee area. It utilizes a style influenced heavily by the Craftsman movement espoused by Gustaf Stickley and found most often in residential architecture. Other churches in the area, contemporaneous with the Friends Church, conform to the more traditional Gothic or Classical Revival styles. The Craftsman ethos dovetails well with the philosophy of the Quakers. Stickley states, when describing the Craftsmai</p><br>
<p>Ideal in homebuilding, that he plans &#39;...houses that are based on the big fundamental principals of honesty, simplicity,</p><br>
<p>and usefulness...&#39; The Cherokee Friends Church adheres to this principal in that its very form is honest, its decor is</p><br>
<p>simple, its layout is useful."</p><br>
<p>The First Oil Well in Oklahoma was drilled in 1885 in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, though it was not completed until 1888.</p><br>
<p>The First Oil Well in Oklahoma (also known as Old Faucett Well) is a historic oil well site near the present Wapanucka, Johnston County, Oklahoma. It was drilled by Dr. H.W. Faucett, who started work in 1885 on Choctaw land for the Choctaw Oil and Refining Company, but the 1,414 ft well was not completed until 1888. A small amount of oil and gas was produced, but not in commercially usable quantity. The well was abandoned after Faucett fell ill and died later in 1888. The first commercially productive well in Indian Territory was the Nellie Johnstone No. 1 well near Bartlesville, Oklahoma (then in the Cherokee Nation), drilled in 1897.</p><br>
<p>The well was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1972. The capped well casing is the well&#39;s only remnant.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The presence of oil in Indian Territory had been observed for many years, usually as natural seepage from the ground. Oklahoma Historian Muriel H. Wright described an incident in 1859, in which Lewis Ross, the brother of Cherokee Chief John Ross, attempted to drill a deep water well for the salt works he owned in the Cherokee Nation. Instead, the well hit an oil formation. She reported that production was estimated at ten barrels a day for nearly a year. Production stopped when gas pressure in the formation dropped too low to continue the flow.</p><br>
<p>According to the NRHP submission, Dr. H. W. Faucett, a resident of New York, was one of the first businessmen to recognize the potential of oil as a fuel in Indian Territory. He wrote the following letter to Rev. Allen Wright, Governor of the Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory, dated December 12, 1883, proposing terms for exploiting this resource.</p><br>
<p>... It would be impossible to interest capital in the work unless there was some agreement as to the extent of territory that could be had and the specified royalty; it would not do to wait until petroleum was found. You will please write me fully and explicitly as to what can be done in both the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations. Say if you think the exclusive privilege can be had, also the pipe line privilege for transporting oil.</p><br>
<p>Allen Wright evidently approved the proposal in principle and passed it on to the tribal council. On October 23, 1883, the council approved creating the "... Choctaw Oil and Refining Company, for the purpose of finding petroleum or rock oil, and increasing the revenue of the Choctaw Nation." The authorizations (basically concessions) gave exclusive rights for producing, transporting and refining in both nations... an larea of nearly 20,000 square miles.</p><br>
<p>Muriel Wright reported that Dr. Eliphalet Nott Wright, then president of the Choctaw and Refining Company, enthusiastically backed Faucett. On several occasions when funds ran dangerously low, Dr. Wright supplied his own money to pay the workers and keep the well digging work going. This calmed the fears of other important Choctaws that Faucett was at fault for delaying completion of the well.</p><br>
<h2>Drilling operation</h2><br>
<p>Faucetts crew erected a drilling rig on Choctaw land near Clear Boggy Creek in late 1885. The actual drilling operation was a very slow operation because all supplies had to be shipped by railroad from St. Louis to Atoka, then loaded onto oxcarts and driven 14 miles to the job site. Poor lines of communications with Faucetts backers in the East slowed the delivery of funds, further hampering progress.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the Choctaw well apparently did not begin until after August 1885. By that time, members of both the Choctaw and Cherokee companies were complaining openly about the delays. Faucett explained to the Choctaw company that everything was ready to begin. However, the Cherokee operation, which had been approved a few months after the Choctaw agreements, would be started later. So, the Cherokee council repealed its 1884 act, effectively canceling their part of the project. On receiving this news, Faucett&#39;s New York backers, also backed out of the deal. That forced Faucett to find new financial backing in St. Louis. When Robert L. Owen tried to get the Cherokee council to reinstate the project in the following year, he found that both the Cherokees and the St. Louis backers had lost interest, so the Cherokee well was never resumed.</p><br>
<h2>End of the Choctaw project</h2><br>
<p>The Choctaw project continued as promised, without unnecessary delays. Finally, the hole reached a depth of 1,414 feet, when the well started showing both oil and gas. Faucett became ill at the jobsite just as work was being completed. He rushed to his home in Neosho, Missouri to seek medical treatment, but died shortly after. Evidently, all other parties to the project felt they could not continue without him, so the Choctaw Oil Company capped the well, abandoned the site and went out of business.</p><br>
<p>Oklahoma Presbyterian College  is a historic Presbyterian school at 601 N. 16th Street in Durant, Oklahoma. The site, including two contributing buildings, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The main building is a three-story building, built during 1909-1910 of red brick with white stone trim. It is 50x160 ft in plan and served as a combination school and dormitory, and was built at cost of $100,000.</p><br>
<p>The second building, built in 1918, is also three stories but is more modest, and is 32x80 ft in plan.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 the two buildings served as headquarters and museum of the Red River Valley Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 1975, the building functioned as the Choctaw Nation&#39;s administrative headquarters until 2018 when the headquarters was relocated to a newly constructed building. The building still houses some Choctaw Nation employees, but remains largely empty since the move.</p><br>
<p>Bethel Missionary Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church building at the junction of Webster and Lane Streets on the southeast corner in Tatums, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The church building was completed in 1919. It was built in a Gable-end style. The church was a major part of community life in Tatums, and it is the oldest building from the town&#39;s early history that is still standing. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Mardock Mission was a historic meetinghouse built in 1898 in Mardock, Oklahoma. The mission was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 for its significance as the only remaining building associated with the Big Jim Band of Absentee Shawnee Indians, the Quaker Missionaries, and a pre-World War I socialist movement. The Absentee Shawnee were so named because in 1845 they had left the rest of the tribe in Kansas and settled along the Canadian River in Indian Territory. Big Jim, , grandson of Tecumseh, was the chief of the Kispicotha, better known as the Absentee Shawnee. The group numbered 454 in 1904.</p><br>
<p>The mission building and property were in the Southwest corner of the Northwest Quarter of Section 36, T9N, R1E. The village of Mardock in Cleveland County was just south of the mission for the Absentee Shawnees (Big Jim Band). This village, at one time, consisted of a post office, two stores, and a cotton gin.</p><br>
<p>In 1897 the Maine Branch of the Women&#39;s National Indian Association established a mission at the location. The mission was to serve as a school, religious community and agricultural experiment station for the Indians. Buildings were constructed, an orchard planted and cropland cultivated. In 1898 or 1899 the Mission was transferred to the Associated Executive Committee of Friends who continued to operate the Mission under the direction of John T. Mardock. A Mr. Bohannon deeded the land to Mardock.</p><br>
<p>The Big Jim Band was relatively non-progressive and although they were receptive to the farming and community activities, they resisted the missionizing efforts. However, the mission persisted and in the early 1900s, began to minister to the growing white population in the nearby community of Mardock. Many activities were centered at the mission: Bible talks, night evangelistic meetings, singing, group recreation and during berry season, berries were harvested and sold. Monthly farmers meetings were held and in 1929 about 35 Indian farmers still attended. The Mission was also an unofficial center for the Jones Family, a group active in the socialist movement during World War I. It is thought that some members participated in the Green Corn Rebellion activities of 1917. Young members were advised to resist the draft.</p><br>
<p>After 1929 the concentrated mission effort ceased though the mission church building did serve the area white people until about 1955, when the settlement was abandoned. The property was sold to a local farmer who used the church to store hay. Sometime later an independent missionary to the Big Jim Band, Rev. Ted Reynolds, repaired the church and briefly used it.</p><br>
<p>The church was nominated for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. At that time it was abandoned and was the only remaining building of the original mission property. The Big Jim Mission building was described as a small, single story, weatherboard, frame, T-shaped structure. The roof was gabled, steeply pitched. The central entry was covered with a gable roofed porch with decorative bracketing. Originally the porch roof was cantilevered over the concrete step with support posts later added. A diamond-shaped window was in the front end gable. Single windows were found on four facades and paired windows on three facades. A single brick exterior chimney stack was on the east elevation. Dense shrubs and numerous trees closely surrounded the building. Exterior alterations included partial filling of two windows.</p><br>
<p>The First Christian Church in Lawton, Oklahoma is a historic church at 701 D Avenue. It was built in 1929 and added to the National Register of historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Walter T. Vahlberg in Gothic Revival style. It was built in 1928 but was soon destroyed by a fire, and it was rebuilt in 1929.</p><br>
<p>According to its National Register nomination, it "is the best example of</p><br>
<p>Gothic Revival style architecture in Southwest Oklahoma" and its stained glass windows are "the most impressive such windows" to be found in any church in that area.</p><br>
<p>First United Methodist Church is a historic church at 202 E. Oklahoma in Walters, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1917 at a cost of $15,000. Handmade bricks from local clay were used, and members of the church congregation volunteered to work on the building.</p><br>
<p>It is the only building in Cotton County, Oklahoma that includes major elements of the Romanesque Revival style and incorporates a large dome at its center. According to the national register submission form, it is the best example of this architecture style in southwestern Oklahoma. It was added to the National Register in 1983. The layout of the school area follows the Akron Plan.</p><br>
<p>First Methodist-Episcopal Church, South is a historic church building at 314 W. Canadian Avenue in Vinita, Oklahoma, United States. It is still active, and is now officially named First United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<h2>NRHP registration</h2><br>
<p>This building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 3, 1999, under criterion C., which says:</p><br>
<p>Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP application states that it is Vinita&#39;s best, most intact example of Classical Revival architecture, and because it represents a period of public construction in the city. It is the only example of early 20th Century religious architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Methodist residents of Vinita organized this congregation in 1872, and initially met in a small, wooden structure that was built in 1876 and designated as a community church, used by all Protestant denominations in Vinita. The community church was located at 133 South Thompson Street. It was demolished in 1895, after most denominations had built their own churches in downtown Vinita. The Methodists had moved to a small building on South Scraper Street. Soon thereafter, they built a wooden church building on South Thompson street, where they met until the early 1920s.</p><br>
<p>By 1920, the congregation had grown to 150, with 160 in the Sunday School, and realized that they needed a larger facility. After deciding to build a new facility on adjacent property on Thompson Street, the church hired the Butler and Sanders architectural firm of Tulsa to design the facility. In mid-November, the church awarded the construction contract to a Vinita firm, Love Brothers Construction Company. The old wood-frame church was donated to an African Methodist-Episcopal congregation. The last ceremony in that structure was held on October 22, 1922. It was then moved to another site at Delaware and South Fourth Street in 1922.</p><br>
<p>Groundbreaking for the new church building was held December 14, 1920. The cornerstone-laying ceremony was held March 9, 1921. By February, 1922, the exterior was finished and work had begun on the interior. The first event in the new church, a reception, occurred on November 2. The first worship service was held on November 5. The church hosted the annual Eastern Oklahoma Methodist Conference later that November.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, the church built a two-story education building along the alley about 20 feet from the northwest corner of the 1922 church. The two buildings had no physical connection until 1993, when a 20 foot by 30 foot walkway with glass sides was added, giving shelter to people walking between the two buildings.</p><br>
<p>Bristow Presbyterian Church is a congregation of the Presbyterian Church . The church was organized on October 21, 1917. The church building was erected in 1922 and added to the National Historic Register in 1979. The exterior walls are white marble from Carthage, Missouri, and interior walls are Bedford stone. Featuring Tiffany stained glass windows and a beautiful organ, the Sanctuary has been described as a pocket cathedral. It is located at the corner of West 6th and Elm in Bristow, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The church was built on land donated by the Claude Freeland family, and had a membership of 98 in 2009.</p><br>
<p>It is a notable Gothic Revival building. Much of the building was built by its pastor, Thomas Murray.</p><br>
<p>The current minister is Rev. Rebecca Montgomery, who was raised in Chicago and educated at Princeton Theological Seminary. Before coming to Bristow, she spent a year in Greece as a missionary and three years in China, where she taught English and American culture at a university in Jiujiang. She returned to the United States in 2005, went back to Princeton, where she earned a Master of Divinity degree in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The First United Methodist Church of Drumright is a historic Methodist church in Drumright, Oklahoma. It was built in 1927 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination mentions it: is the only English Gothic style building in the Gushing oil field area. The stained glass windows are unique because of the leaded diamond pane construction and the designs of the stained glass windows along the north and south sides of the sanctuary. There are five distinct pairs of window patterns, each matching on the north and south walls. The window patterns have no narrative content which is unusual for a religious structure of this scale. These ornate features were an attempt at sophistication for a small oil boom town in Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Splitlog Church  is a historic church building in the unincorporated community of Cayuga, Oklahoma, near Grove, Oklahoma. It is named for Mathias and Eliza Splitlog, who built the church and founded Cayuga, which was an industrial center in the late 1880s. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and still serves as a church.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The church building is approximately 50 feet long by 30 feet wide and is constructed of native limestone from the nearby Boone Formation. It has a tall steeple above the front entrance with a Belfry (architecture) that held a 1,600 pound (726 kg) bronze bell that was cast in Belgium, shipped to Neosho, Missouri, and then hauled by his son Henry Splitlog the 24 miles (39 km) from Neosho to Cayuga. A smaller belfry toward the rear of the building held a second, smaller bell.</p><br>
<p>The roof is high and steeply sloped. Limestone steps lead to the front entrance, which has plain wooden double doors, and has an arch adorned with fifteen Indian symbols. The meaning of the symbols is unknown.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside, the building has imported wood, much of which has been carved very ornately. All windows are arched and had stained glass. Starting at the east end of the altar, each arched window has one letter of the designer&#39;s surname carved above it. Thus, running down the right side of the nave, across the back, and returning up the left, the carvings form the name "Splitlog".</p><br>
<p>The organ that Splitlog had ordered for the choir loft could not be delivered until the church was nearly complete. The building had water from the water system Splitlog built for the town, but the furnace to provide steam heat to parishioners was not completed before his death.</p><br>
<p>In 1998, a 6-foot (1.8-meter) mural was discovered in the church; it depicts Delaware County, Oklahoma and is signed Victoria L. Morell, 1946.</p><br>
<h3>Removed elements</h3><br>
<p>The church has a basement, and there was a two-room building behind the church that served as a small residence and engine house. A tunnel connected the church basement to the other building, for the priest&#39;s convenience.</p><br>
<p>In the cornerstone was a copper can about the size of a cigar box, with pictures of Eliza and Mathias Splitlog, their biography, one of each of the coins used at that time, and some stamps. The original windows were stained glass, that had cost $19,000 when it was built (equivalent to about $706,500 in 2024). In 1925, vandals exploded dynamite in the walls, stealing the box of coins and breaking the windows.</p><br>
<p>When the Catholic Church sold the building to the Methodist Church, they removed the altar and confessional. The Methodists installed a pulpit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mathias and Eliza Splitlog and their children were forcibly moved from their original homes in Canada and Ohio, to the Wyandotte Purchase in Kansas Territory (todays Kansas City, Kansas), and from there to Indian Territory (todays Oklahoma). Here they founded the Cayuga town and industrial center, most of which is now gone except this church and the adjoining cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Mathias was Cayuga and French by birth</p><br>
<h3>Religious backgrounds</h3><br>
<p>Mathias Splitlog had an infant baptism by the Catholic church but was a lapsed Catholic. Eliza Splitlog was a devout Quaker. They often welcomed missionaries from different denominations to use the meeting hall on the upper floor of the general store, and later built a large arbor for the Methodist and Quaker missionaries to hold services, but Mathias only attended the Catholic services.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, Father Ketcham was a new priest working among the Quapaw and other tribes in the area, and Mathias asked to meet with him. It was during these meetings that Eliza and eleven other members of the Splitlog family converted and were baptized as Catholics. In 1893, Mathias Splitlog attended the pontifical mass when Reverend Theophile Meerschaert dedicated the new St. Mary&#39;s of the Quapaws 40 miles away, and was confirmed in the Catholic church then.</p><br>
<p>Father Arthur Versavel, a Belgian immigrant, also visited monthly to conduct mass and to visit with Mathias Splitlog, who spoke French. Several of their grandchildren attended the Catholic Sacred Heart Academy in Vinita, Oklahoma, which Versavel established in 1897 while pastor there, but some of the Splitlog children had marriages conducted by Jeremiah Hubbard, a Quaker missionary.</p><br>
<p>Mathias and Eliza Splitlog also maintained some traditional Wyandot faith and religious practices. Mathias was well-known as a subject-matter expert who explained the religious stories and beliefs of the Wyandot people to White people interested in learning and documenting the traditions. Both were given Catholic sacraments and services upon their deaths. When Eliza died, Wyandot customs were followed along with the Catholic ones: the men dug a grave and built a fire that burned for days after the funeral; and the women prepared foods for a feast held 10 days after her burial.</p><br>
<h3>Construction history</h3><br>
<p>In 1893, Splitlog began building the church. At first, he only wanted to buy a large church bell, but Ketcham suggested that he build an entire mission church to house that bell as well.</p><br>
<p>Matthias was working under time pressure, because his wife was suffering from an inoperable cancer. He wanted to have the church finished during her lifetime, so she could enjoy his memorial to her. Unfortunately, it was not to be. Father Ketcham gave her last rites and she died in September 1894. The building was not finished but it was used for her funeral. She was buried in the cemetery next to the church.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, Splitlog restarted construction, and on November 25, 1896 a dedication service was held. The church was dedicated to St. Matthias, with blessings given by Bishop Meerschaert, Father Ketcham, and Father Versavel. More than 100 Catholics and 400 non-Catholics attended the ceremony, during which the large bell also was blessed. The bell&#39;s first toll was in memory of Eliza Splitlog, and it was heard even 12 miles (19 km) away.</p><br>
<h3>Ownership after 1896</h3><br>
<p>From 1894 to 1896, the Senecas sent Splitlog to Washington, D.C., as a delegate and during one of these trips, in December 1896, Splitlog died of pneumonia. William Nichols, who had travelled with him, brought his body home to Cayuga. In January 1897, Reverend Edward Van Waesberghe, who worked at St. Mary&#39;s of the Quapaws, and Reverend Father Schele of Seneca, Missouri, conducted the Requiem Mass. Hundreds of people attended, and Mathias was buried beside his wife in the church cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Many of Splitlogs children died before him, and immediate issues about his estate were complicated by the laws at the time, and to a lesser extent the wishes of his heirs. The church and cemetery land was on Seneca property, and at that time Seneca people could not sell their own land. Also, some of his heirs were not Catholic and objected to it being sold or given to the Catholic church. There was litigation for several years. In 1906, US Senator Henry C. Hansbrough wrote into the Indian Appropriations Act of fiscal year 1908 that Splitlogs heirs could sell the church, cemetery, and the 3 acres of land to the Roman Catholic Church, which allowed the bishop to buy it at a nominal fee. In 1916, Father Ketcham oversaw the purchase of the church and cemetery property from the Splitlog heirs.</p><br>
<p>The church building was used occasionally, but by 1930 it had not been used in over 16 years and had been damaged by vandals and weather. Bishop Francis Kelley sold the church, cemetery, and property to the Methodists, who restored it and re-dedicated it for the Methodists.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, the Methodists sold the church and cemetery land to the Sellers family, who had known the Splitlogs and didn&#39;t want to see the property decay. Non-denominational church services are still held at this church.</p><br>
<h2>Biographical sketch: Matthias Splitlog</h2><br>
<p>The church was built by Matthias Splitlog who had come to Indian Territory in 1874, when he was about 62 years old. Family stories said that he was of mixed ancestry, half Cayuga and half French, and born in the state of New York in 1812. According to his grandson, when he was only three years old, he was taken to Ohio, with most of the other Cayugas.</p><br>
<h3>Move to Indian Territory</h3><br>
<p>In 1863, the Union Pacific Railroad wanted to cross his land near the river and also build machine shops there. Matthias later said that he was paid a fabulous sum for the property. By 1874, Matthias had sold most of his property and journeyed to Indian Territory. He retained ownership of his home and the surrounding 12 acres in Kansas City until 1888, when he sold it to the Orchard Place Company. He found a suitable tract between the Grand River and the Cowskin River, near the present day city of Grove, Oklahoma. The property included a large spring that he named Cayuga, in honor of his original tribe.</p><br>
<p>Splitlog immediately set to work on a variety of building projects. First he constructed a sawmill, then he built a gristmill and a large blacksmith shop. He also established a ferry and a general store. His building projects employed many local people, paid good wages, and treated the employees well. After completing his own home, he built a factory to make buggies, two-seated hacks and coffins. He named the growing town Cayuga Springs. In 1884, a Cayuga post office was established, with one of Matthias sons, Joseph, as postmaster. Since there were no public schools, Splitlog provided a building and started a subscription school for the communitys children.</p><br>
<h3>Cayuga Springs</h3><br>
<p>John Wesley Morris wrote a brief description of Cayuga Springs and its church. In it, he said that the village burned in 1913. Only the church, the priest&#39;s house and the carriage factory remained. Destroyed structures included a hotel, general store, post office, blacksmith shop and eight or ten dwellings.</p><br>
<p>After Matthias died, the 3 acres of land containing the church and cemetery were deeded to the Catholic Church. However, membership declined as Cayugas residents moved away, and the Church found it very difficult to supply priests to serve this mission, so the parish was dissolved. The confessional, the altar and certain other Catholic-specific items were removed and taken to other churches. The bell was taken down and sent to St. Catherines church in Nowata, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, an individual person bought the church for sentimental reasons, agreeing to maintain the building and cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The New Hope Baptist Church at 1202 S. Sheppard Street in Chickasha, Oklahoma is a historic Baptist church building. It was built in 1939 and added to the National Register in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Its building is a one-story east-facing front-gabled red brick building and has a square corner tower. It has a concrete block education wing with a basement which was added at the rear in about 1948.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant for its association with the growth and development of the African American community in Chickasha. According to its NRHP nomination "It stands as the best extant symbol of</p><br>
<p>African American socio-political unity in Chickasha during a period when de facto and de jure segregation alienated</p><br>
<p>blacks from the greater social institutions of Chickasha. An entire black community, alive with homes, businesses,</p><br>
<p>churches, and social clubs developed in Chickasha. This community, while by necessity interacting with the larger city</p><br>
<p>in which it thrived, was for the most part an entity unto itself, lacking only an official political voice. The glue that held</p><br>
<p>this community together was the church. Denominational and doctrinal differences aside, the black churches of</p><br>
<p>Chickasha provided the spiritual, educational, social, and political voice of the community."</p><br>
<p>The Hollencamp House is a historic residence in the city of Xenia, Ohio, United States. Constructed as the home of a prominent immigrant businessman, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Born in Germany, Bernard Hollencamp settled in Xenia, where he began operating the Hollencamp Brewery on Second Street east of the city&#39;s downtown. In later years, the brewery property was converted for three different uses: a creamery, an ice house, and a bottling company occupied the site.</p><br>
<p>Hollencamp arranged for the construction of the present house in 1871 on a lot adjacent to his brewery. Designed by Samuel Patterson, an architect who was also responsible for the design of the Samuel N. Patterson House elsewhere in the city, the Hollencamp House is a brick Italianate building with a stone foundation, an asphalt roof, and elements of stone. Two stories tall with painted bricks laid in American bond, the house has an asymmetrical floor plan. The interior is divided into thirteen rooms — six of which feature fireplaces with wooden mantels — as well as four bathrooms. Comparatively few components of the house have changed since its original construction.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Hollencamp House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically important architecture and because of its place as the home of a locally significant individual. Although it is the only building on East Second individually listed on the National Register, it lies near a Register-listed historic district, the East Second Street Historic District. The district and the Hollencamp House are historically significant as a well-preserved nineteenth-century streetscape and as surviving examples of residences for the city&#39;s wealthy during a period in the late nineteenth century when Victorian architectural styles were highly popular.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Waurika, Oklahoma. It was built in 1908 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story brick building with a side tower. It featured green-painted wood shingles in its gable ends and on the tower. Wide, overhanging boxed eaves seem to be consistent with Prairie School style. It has fifty-six-over-one windows on the front, fifty-six-over-four windows on the side, and one-over-one windows on the back.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Amarillo, Texas architect J.C. Berry.</p><br>
<p>When listed in 2001, the building was owned by the city of Waurika and had not operated as a church since the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Irving Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church in Ryan, Oklahoma. It was built in 1928 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The building has some elements of Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>The first wedding in the church was on April 1, 1934, the marriage of Una Ellie Smith (1912-2014) and Russell Harris.</p><br>
<p>According to a business directory, the current church entity was created in 2005 and has five employees.</p><br>
<p>Cupco Church  is a historic church building near Yanush, Oklahoma. It was built in 1899 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It is 35x25 ft in plan and has a small wooden bell tower near the front gable.</p><br>
<p>It is located south of Yanush off of Oklahoma State Highway 2.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP nomination of 1979 stated that the church "is one of Southeast Oklahoma&#39;s oldest continuously functioning churches. It was built by Methodist missionaries, instrumental agents in the forceful accommodation of the Choctaws to white culture. By 1889 when the church was built, it was already assumed that the Choctaws were assimilated into the Christian religion. The Choctaw Nation maintained the church for tribal members of the Methodist faith until 1914. At that time the building and grounds were sold to the Oklahoma Free Will Baptist Association. In</p><br>
<p>spite of, or perhaps because of, denominational change, most of the approximately fifty member congregation are Choctaw."</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Catholic Church and Rectory is a historic Roman Catholic church site at 102 Center Point Road in Wilburton, Latimer County, Oklahoma. This site was built in 1912, and has been in continuous use since then. The church and rectory sit on a one-acre plot. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places  on November 26, 1980. Originally, this was a parish church serving coal miners and their families, totaling about 150 people at the peak of the boom. Usually, since the coal boom ended many years ago, the church serves between 75 and 80 people.</p><br>
<p>The church&#39;s architectural style is a simplified Gothic Revival style. Its footprint is 48 feet by 90 feet. It is topped with a small steeple. It has nine stained-glass windows on the north and south sides and two in the front wall.</p><br>
<p>The rectory is the three-story frame building near the church, with a porch extending along the north and east sides. Its interior is largely unchanged, and still has the original woodwork and floors. The third story was used to house children who were orphans of miners.</p><br>
<p>A fire during the 1930s damaged the roof and steeple of the church, but these were obviously repaired successfully. A 1975 tornado damaged the roof and steeple again. The same storm also damaged the exterior of the rectory. Once again, the damage was repaired and the structures fully restored.</p><br>
<p>The church and rectory sit on land donated by James Regnar and James McConnell, who owned the Eastern Coal and Mining Company. Employees of these men provided much of the labor required to construct the facilities, and did this on their own time, after working a full shift digging coal during the day. Regina and McConnell also recruited Father Glynn, a missionary from New York, as the first pastor. Father Glynn also operated a school for grades 1-12 until the late 1920s. The school staff were Sisters of Mercy.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul Baptist Church and Cemetery is a historic African-American church and cemetery near Meeker, Oklahoma, United States and is the only known site in Lincoln County, Oklahoma. The church is located along N3420 Road, and the cemetery is located three-quarters of a mile east of the church complex. The church was built in 1940 after a fire destroyed the original church in 1939.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The St. Stephen&#39;s Episcopal Church at 812 Blaine Avenue in Chandler, Oklahoma  is a historic church building. It was built in 1899 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as "the best example of a small, stone Gothic Revival church building in Lincoln County, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>It is located in a residential neighborhood, across from the Carpenter Gothic First Presbyterian Church of Chandler, which was built in 1897 and is also National Register-listed. The Presbyterian church was one of few buildings in Chandler that survived a tornado on March 30, 1897.</p><br>
<p>Its National Register nomination in 2000 noted that "St. Stephen&#39;s remains in use today because, unlike most church buildings of its size, it has not become obsolete due to either a dwindling or burgeoning congregation, or become obsolete because it became too small for its congregation. The church was owned by the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral until</p><br>
<p>1946, when it was bought by the Society of Friends. In 1959, ownership changed to the Oklahoma Conference Corporation of the Seventh-Day Adventists."</p><br>
<p>Mulhall United Methodist Church is a historic church at Bryant and Craig Streets in Mulhall, Oklahoma. It was built in 1894 and added to the National Register in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "the oldest church building still intact in north central Oklahoma having been constructed during the Oklahoma Territorial year of 1894 and continuous religious services have been held in it for almost 95 years", and because "it is the oldest and best remaining example of Gothic Revival architecture as applied to a church in north central Oklahoma".</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story building, 38x51 ft in plan.</p><br>
<p>The St. Joseph Convent and Academy was a historic Roman Catholic church convent and school located off of State Highway 33 in Guthrie, Oklahoma, United States. It was added to the National Register in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Second Empire-style building was completed in 1892, with a northern expansion being built in 1905. Starting in 1897, it housed the Benedictine Sisters and the St. Joseph Academy, a boarding school for girls operated by the Sisters. St. Joseph Academy was believed to be the first school of its kind in the then-established Oklahoma Territory.</p><br>
<p>As Oklahoma became a state in 1907, the school grew larger in pupils and sensed a need for higher education. In 1917, the school started a four-year college curriculum and changed its name to Oklahoma Catholic College for Women, achieving another first by becoming the fledgling state&#39;s only Catholic college. The school remained open to women of all ages and grades until 1949, when the school once again changed its name to Benedictine Heights College, and began a student-by-day program for men.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, the Sisters and school moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, forming what would later become St. Joseph Monastery, and sold the original convent and academy property to the City of Guthrie for US$150,000.</p><br>
<p>As of July 2024, the property and surrounding areas have continued ownership by the City of Guthrie, with the Job Corps building and opening a Guthrie center in 1966, while also utilizing the old St. Joseph facilities until their demolition in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The First United Methodist Church, formerly the Methodist Episcopal Church, South is a historic church in Checotah, Oklahoma. It was built in 1917 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story brick building. Its sanctuary has an unusual "corner pulpit from which four aisles radiate reminiscent of early meetinghouse styles. It rises two stories with a curved balcony surrounding the rear sides of the sanctuary. All millwork and furniture are of oak. The plank floors are white pine."</p><br>
<p>Union Mission Site is a historic site of a church mission and school about 5 mi northeast of Mazie, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The Union mission was started in 1820, and its school operated from 1821 to 1825. The school instructed 144 Indian children: 71 Osages, 54 Creeks, and 29 Cherokees; a total of 91 boys and 63 girls.</p><br>
<p>Union Mission was the first Protestant mission established in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). It was also the site of the first school in Indian Territory and the first printing press in Indian Territory, and the first book printed in future Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>There are a few graves at the site, including the 1825 monument for Rev. Epaphras Chapman, which, per the NRHP nomination, is the oldest known</p><br>
<p>monument in Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Central Baptist Church at 515 N. 4th Street in Muskogee, Oklahoma was a historic Baptist church building. It was built in 1908 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The building was demolished in 1985 for Arrowhead Mall.</p><br>
<p>It was a 40 x one-story building with a hipped roof and two-story towers at north and south ends of its east-facing front. It was listed on the National Register as part of a multiple property submission for Black Protestant churches in Muskogee.</p><br>
<p>The Ward Chapel AME Church is a historic African Methodist Episcopal Church building at 319 N. 9th Street in Muskogee, Oklahoma. It was built in 1904, three years before Oklahoma achieved statehood. It was added to the National Register in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as "one of the oldest remaining social institutions in the black community of Muskogee&quot it "is the oldest African Methodist Episcopal Church and the second oldest black Protestant church in Muskogee". It is a one-and-a-half-story 90x44 ft church, built of brick laid in running bond, painted yellow.</p><br>
<p>The Ward Chapel congregation was founded in 1883. The 1904 church building "was built in 1904 to accommodate the growing congregation and to serve the spiritual and social needs of Muskogee&#39;s black community which numbered over 7,000 at the time of construction."</p><br>
<p>The First Christian Church  is a historic church building at 1104 N. Robinson Avenue in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was built in 1911. The original First Christian church Oklahoma City moved from this location in December 1956.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant for its architectural style, being deemed the "best example of an ecclesiastical structure utilizing the Neo-Classical Revival style found in Oklahoma City."</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1910. In 1983, it was being renovated, partly funded by tax credits.</p><br>
<p>Calvary Baptist Church  is a historic Baptist church at 2nd and Walnut Streets in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1921 and added to the National Register in 1978. Martin Luther King Junior spoke in this church during the Civil rights movement. In 2012, Dan Davis Law purchased the building for office use and brought it back to its former life with more than $2,000,000 in renovations.</p><br>
<p>The Eastside Baptist Church in Okmulgee, Oklahoma is a historic Baptist church located at 219 N. Osage Avenue.</p><br>
<p>It is home to a congregation established in 1903, as the Zion Bethel Church, which met at a frame residence at the location of the present church. The church was built in 1921, and was added to the National Register in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma. The building was deemed significant as the second-oldest black church building in Okmulgee, and one of the "oldest unaltered black churches in eastern Oklahoma."</p><br>
<p>The First Baptist Central Church in Okmulgee, Oklahoma is a historic Baptist church at 521 N. Central Avenue. It was built in 1915 and added to the National Register in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is 45x55 ft in plan.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination states:The First Baptist Central Church is historically significant because: (1) it is the oldest black church building in Okmulgee having served the community for more than 68 years, (2) it is one of the oldest remaining properties of any type located within the black residential area of Okmulgee which once had the largest black community in Oklahoma outside of Tulsa, Oklahoma City, and Muskogee, and (3) it is among the oldest remaining black Baptist churches in eastern Oklahoma. / Built in 1915, the First Baptist Central evolved from the oldest black congregation in Okmulgee, the New Hope Baptist group, organized in 1892. Because of increased membership, the congregation outgrew their original structure and the present church was completed in 1915 as the first brick church for blacks in Okmulgee. Church membership has fluctuated over the years at approximately 200-250 making it one of the largest all-black congregations in eastern Oklahoma. For more than 68 years, First Baptist&#39; Central has served the black community of Okmulgee by providing a place of worship and a social outlet for blacks during an era when racial separatism prevailed in Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>St. Anthony&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Spanish Colonial Revival-style church at 515 S. Morton Street in Okmulgee, Oklahoma, United States. It was built in 1927 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The interior features tall, smooth-shafted Corinthian columns topped with capitals enriched with acanthus leaves, caulicoli, and molded abacus. It also contains an 18 ft high Carrara marble and stone altar imported from Tuscany soon after the church was built.</p><br>
<p>Immaculate Conception Church is a historic Roman Catholic church building at 1314 Lynn Avenue in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. It was built in 1910 and added to the National Register in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It is a red brick cruciform church building which is significant mostly for its unusual stained glass windows designed by the Bavarian Art Glass Company of Munich, given dispensation to be placed in the church by special permission of the pope.</p><br>
<p>One of the two largest shows Columbus arriving in the New World and being met by Indians. The other shows the arrival of Father Shoemaker to meet the Osage tribe in Kansas, before the tribe was moved to the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).</p><br>
<p>The church and its stained glass windows were planned by Father Edward Van Waesberghe, who also directly helped in its construction.</p><br>
<p>The "Bavarian Art Glass Co. of Munich" mentioned may be what is otherwise known as the Royal Bavarian Stained Glass Manufactory, in Munich, Germany, or the Royal Bavarian Stained Glass Manufactory, Munich or the Franz Mayer & Co.</p><br>
<p>Strother Memorial Chapel is a historic chapel at 1201 Van Drive in Seminole, Oklahoma. It is located in the Maple Grove Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1928 in honor of O. D. Strother, a founding father of the local oil industry. Over the following 70 years it fell into disrepair, and then was restored through the efforts of the Maple Grove Cemetery Association and the Seminole Historical Society. The chapel was added to the National Register in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church in Sallisaw, Oklahoma was created from the merger of a Cumberland Presbyterian Church, which had been founded in 1898, and a Presbyterian Church in the USA The original building for the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, built in about 1903, had a steeple and a bell and its pastor during 187890456 to 1910 was "Uncle Jim" McDonald, or J.A. McDonald. Angus McDonald, his son, wrote of his father in the story "Old McDonald Had a Farm". The church burned in about 1916.</p><br>
<p>The new merged church&#39;s building at 120 S. Oak Street(mailing address: PO Box 417) in Sallisaw was built in 1918. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church in Chillicothe, Livingston County, Missouri. The church was built between 1867 and 1869, and is a one-story, inexpensive prefabricated wooden church patterned after Early English Gothic churches. The church measures approximately 69 feet by 22 feet and is connected to the Andrew Leeper Memorial Parish Hall  by a rectangular foyer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Automobile Club of Buffalo is a historic clubhouse located at Clarence in Erie County, New York. It was designed by the architectural firm of Esenwein & Johnson and built in 1910–1911 in the Craftsman style. It is a two-story, Y-shaped, wood-frame building with a low hipped roof and broad eaves. The building measures 184 feet long and 32 feet wide. It features a deep porte cochere, semicircular two-story tower, broad verandah, enclosed one-story porch, and two exposed chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing storage shed. The property was sold to the Town of Clarence in 1957, and is used as a town park. The Automobile Club of Buffalo joined the American Automobile Association in 1903, one of its earliest affiliates. The clubhouse was built to promote membership in the Automobile Club of Buffalo, and was one of only six country clubs built by similar organizations in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Fort Peabody was a military post in southwestern Colorado, situated at 13,365 feet elevation on the county line between Ouray and San Miguel Counties, making it the highest historical post of its kind in the United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 30, 2005 as significant to the state and nation&#39;s labor history.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The sentry post was built in 1904 during the height of statewide labor disturbances, when the Western Federation of Miners was managing legal strikes in the San Juan district, Cripple Creek district, Colorado City, and other areas of the West. The Fort Peabody site encompasses the ridge above and southeast of the Imogene Pass road summit, spanning approximately 413 feet northwest to southeast on the lower ridge of Telluride Peak. It was a Colorado National Guard sentry post that included a small guardhouse, a flag mount and what some characterized as a snipers nest. Until 2010, the site consisted of the remains of a 6 x 8 wood-frame building enclosed in stone walls, a large stone mound, a 5 x 6&#39; depression, and a small pile of rocks all on the ridge top, along with a stone enclosure down the ridge to the northwest, identified as the "sniper nest" or "machine gun nest." In 2010 Fort Peabody was stabilized and restored under the direction of the San Miguel County Open Space and Recreation office and the USDA Forest Service as directed by the National Historic Preservation Act.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Since the agreement of 1901 was only between the miners and the company, the mill workers demanded similar compensation in 1903, along with an eight-hour day. The new manager of the Smuggler-Union Mining Company, Bulkeley Wells, refused to negotiate, precipitating the strike of 1903–04. Simultaneously mine and mill workers across Colorado made demands for an eight-hour day, fair wages, and the right to work without discrimination. These miners and mill men were members of the WFM, at that time the largest labor union in the Western states, with a membership over 48,000. Refusing the union&#39;s demands, mine owners and managers organized as the Mine Operators Association (MOA) in order to combat what the MOA saw as a growing threat to their political power. In response, WFM locals in various affected regions throughout the state went on strike.</p><br>
<p>In Telluride, Bulkeley Wells and 23 businessmen requested Governor James H. Peabody to send Colorado National Guard troops to San Miguel County in order to break the strike. Union men were rounded up and forcibly removed from the county. Under Major Zeph Hill martial law was declared January 3, 1904, despite completely peaceful conditions. Hills daily reports consistently noted that no disturbances occurred. Hill groomed Bulkeley Wells to take his place. Wells created CNG Troop A, First Squadron Cavalry, as a local San Miguel County unit, which Governor Peabody approved in January 1904, making Wells captain. The members were mustered in on January 11. Membership consisted of Wells Smuggler Mine employees and friends, and cowboys from the west end of the county. These men offered to serve without pay and would furnish their own horses and weapons. Wells paid for their ammunition and rations, housing them in his company&#39;s buildings, thereby making it evident that CNG soldiers were in his personal employ.</p><br>
<p>Wells ordered these Troop A soldiers to construct the sentry post above Imogene Pass for the sole purpose of keeping illegally deported union men and their supporters from re-entering San Miguel County. The stone redoubt was called "Fort Peabody" after the Governor. The National Register of Historic Places nomination document for the site states, "No documentation has been located that indicates this was an official name bestowed by the guard or by Wells, or if the miners dubbed it such in a tongue-in-cheek manner. The redoubt had telephone service to town, giving Wells advanced notice if anyone eluded the sentries and headed toward town. The first sentries at this post were armed with rifles and bayonets and their own sidearms. Two or three men on duty at the post slept in the small guardhouse. A flagpole was mounted on the highpoint above the pass at 13,365 feet and the US Flag was said to be visible from the valley west of Telluride. A small stone shelter was built a few dozen yards below the flagpole mount." According to one historical eye-witness, this smaller stone shelter was the sniper nest where a sentry perched with his Krag-Jorgensen rifle trained on the Imogene Pass road.</p><br>
<p>Troop A sentries occupied Fort Peabody after Wells took sole command of the district on February 21, 1904.</p><br>
<h2>Description of the historical site</h2><br>
<p>After abandonment in 1908, Fort Peabody gradually deteriorated due to extreme weather conditions at 13,000 feet. In 2004 it was described in official National Register of Historic Places documents as:</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<h2>Nomination to the National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The site was surveyed and mapped by Jonathon C. Horn, Principal Investigator at Alpine Archaeological Consultants, Inc. of Montrose, Colorado in 2002. He identified cartridges from the site as consistent with those used by National Guard troops in 1904. Several different calibers were in use, and the.30-40 Krag cartridge with the "W.R.A. Co. 30 USAG" headstamp found at the site, indicated "that National Guard troops were using cast off USA military rifles," according to Horn.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 author and historian, MaryJoy Martin, researched, wrote, and presented the Fort Peabody nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. The National Park Service approved her nomination, adding the site to the National Register on 30 March 2005.</p><br>
<p>"Fort Peabody is probably the only remaining structure exclusively representative of Colorado&#39;s labor troubles in 1903-4," Martin states.</p><br>
<p>With the addition of Fort Peabody on the National Register, the Colorado Historical Society notes that "The site illustrates how quickly and often illegally mine owner management gained control of local government and the Colorado National Guard to run roughshod over the legal, political, and economic rights of union members."</p><br>
<h2>Stabilization and restoration</h2><br>
<p>Initial stabilization of the Fort Peabody sentry post was completed in August 2004 under the direction of the USDA Forest Service, the crew consisting of historian MaryJoy Martin and three members of the Ouray County Historical Society, Don Paulson, George Moore, and Walt Rule. In June 2009 the Telluride Open Space and Recreation Program and San Miguel County Commissioner Art Goodtimes discussed signage and stabilization for the site, but difficult logistics threatened the project, since the site was above 13,000 feet in elevation.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, a historic preservation project conducted by San Miguel County with authorization from and direction by the Grand Mesa, Uncompaghre, and Gunnison National Forest (GMUG) personnel was undertaken. During excavation of the site, the work crew found numerous ammunition shells, a silver hair pin, an old piece of newspaper, coal, leather pieces, glass fragments, and a fire poker. All artifacts were turned over to the USDA Forest Service.</p><br>
<p>Stabilization and restoration of the historic Fort Peabody guardhouse was financed through San Miguel County&#39;s Open Space and Recreation Fund. "The Forest Service helped ensure that the steps outlined in the National Historic Preservation Act were followed, and that standards established by the Secretary of the Interior for stabilization work were adhered to throughout this complex project," Leigh Anne Hunt of the USDA Forest Service states.</p><br>
<p>The East Second Street Historic District is a historic district in the city of Xenia, Ohio, United States. Created in the 1970s, it comprises a part of what was once one of Xenia&#39;s most prestigious neighborhoods.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent houses</h2><br>
<p>Five of the leading houses in the district are located at 183, 204, 209, 235, and 272 East Second:</p><br>
<p>Xenia&#39;s first banker, John Hivling, once lived at 183 Second, which was built circa 1880. Eastlake details on this house include decorations above the door and the windows as well as a round window in the gable. Among the features of the first floor are an entrance on the side and tall sash windows. Built around 1880, 204 Second is a two-story brick building that mixes the Italianate and Eastlake styles. Among its details are decorations over the entryway and its stone lintels. The first residents of 209 Second were the family of John B. Allen, a state representative. A three-story brick building constructed around 1881, it features an elaborate bracketed front porch, three corbelled chimneys, and a two-story side porch.</p><br>
<p>Abraham Hivling erected 235 Second around 1840. Three stories tall, it features a large front and side porch with an entablature and pillars. Visitors enter through a grand door with sidelights and transom. The interior is divided into forty-two rooms: ten in the basement and thirty-two in the rest of the house. Known as "Eden Hall", this house was later purchased by John Allen and his wife and given to their daughter and son-in-law, Mary and Coates Kinney. A later owner, Evelyn Cozatt, used the property to house a huge antique collection. In the 2000s, it was opened as a bed and breakfast. As of May 2017, it has reverted to a private home.</p><br>
<p>A Mr. King was the first inhabitant of 272 Second, which was built circa 1885. King operated a munitions plant at the community of Kings Mills. His house is a weatherboarded 2½-story structure in the Queen Anne style; it features an asymmetrical floor plan and multiple large gables. Sidelights and a transom surround the recessed main entrance, and a screened porch is accessible from the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In March 1973, the houses at 209 and 235 Second were designated the East Second Street District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and six years later the district was expanded to include part of the 100 block and most of the 200 block. The neighborhood was judged important because of its ability to depict wealthy Gilded Age society and because of the high degree of preservation that the houses have experienced.</p><br>
<p>Indian Mound Reserve is a public country park near the village of Cedarville, Ohio, United States. Named for two different earthworks within its bounds — the Williamson Mound and the Pollock Works — the park straddles Massies Creek as it flows through a small canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Park</h2><br>
<p>Both forks of Massies Creek flow through Cedarville Township from the east to their confluence in the townships center, whence the creek flows westward toward the Little Miami River. For the first 2 mi below the confluence of the forks, the creek utilizes a shallow but sheer canyon that reaches as deep as 40 ft below the surface of the surrounding terrain. Nathaniel Massie is reputed to have battled a Shawnee band under Tecumseh and forced them over the stream at the canyon. By the early twentieth century, local residents had known the vicinity of the "Cliffs" as a picnicking ground for the past hundred years, and calls were being made for its conversion into a park. In 1929, owners D.S. Williamson and a Xenia bank donated the Williamson Mound to the Ohio Historical Society. Today, Indian Mound Reserve is operated as a unit of the Greene County Parks, which uses it to host events such as childrens camps. Hiking trails, picnic grounds, a log cabin, Cedar Cliff Falls, and the ancient earthworks are among the attractions within the park, which lies along USA Route 42. The earthworks are located on opposite sides of the creek: the Pollock Works on the southern side, and the Williamson Mound approximately 100 rods (1650 feet, or 500 meters) away on the northern side.</p><br>
<h2>Williamson Mound</h2><br>
<p>The Williamson Mound is a large mound in a field near Massies Creek. In 1881, it was described as being "about forty feet high and one hundred and fifty in circumference. It is perfectly oval in form, and has on its surface trees of a century&#39;s growth, denoting that the mound is very old. From its summit can be seen a distance of several miles in every direction." Its construction was attributed to the mysterious Mound Builders of old, who surely constructed it as a watchtower from which to observe enemies from afar.</p><br>
<p>Local residents are believed to have dug around the mound around the turn of the twentieth century, but little damage appears to have been done. In the early 1970s, its dimensions were reported as being 150 ft in diameter by 27.5 ft in height; its decrease in height may have been the result of differing measurements, as in 1848, the Greene County surveyor had reported its measurements as 30 x. More recent archaeological studies of the site have concluded that it was constructed as a burial mound by people of the Adena culture in the final centuries before Christ. While the mound has never been scientifically excavated, its great size suggests that its construction took place over an extended period of time, leading archaeologists to conclude that it may contain evidence of multiple stages of Adena society as well as in the mortuary traditions practiced on those buried in the mound.</p><br>
<h2>Pollock Works</h2><br>
<p>The Pollock Works occupy a high promontory above the southern side of Massies Creek: both the northern and southern sides are the steep limestone walls, here averaging 25 ft in height, from which the name of "Cliffs" was derived. Although occasional fissures pierce the cliff, permitting access through the old creek channel on the promontory&#39;s southern side, only via an isthmus on the western side is the promontory easily accessible, due to its gentle slope. The area of the promontory is approximately 12 acre. Across the isthmus are the remnants of small crescent-shaped earthworks and an artificial wall, which in the 1840s measured 30 ft thick at the base and 10 ft high; it is pierced by three small gateways, at each of which was originally located a stone mound. Due to its comparatively inaccessible location, Squier and Davis proposed in their Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley that the site was a fortification at which a simple palisade could render the promontory impregnable.</p><br>
<p>The works were discovered soon after Greene County was settled in the early nineteenth century and first made known to outsiders by Squier and Davis. In the 1910s, they were believed to have been the work of the Fort Ancient people, who were "totally different from the higher culture &#91;Hopewell&#93; of the Scioto valley", and who would in times of danger retreat to the isolated Fort Ancient site. It was one of eighty-four archaeological sites observed in 1914 by William C. Mills countywide archaeological survey, which deemed the Pollock Works the countys premier site. Scientific excavations under a Wright State University archaeologist have demonstrated that the Pollock Works were built by the Hopewell in a five-stage process that started in the first century after Christ. It appears that Squier and Davis correctly ascertained the defensive capabilities of the site; at some point in its history, a palisade stretched across the isthmus, although it was destroyed by fire and later buried by a fresh layer of earth. Although the site was seemingly employed as a hill fort for part of its history, it appears to have been a religious location and one of numerous Hopewell hilltop ceremonial sites.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Indian Mound Reserve is actively managed by the Greene County Parks, which promotes the beauty of the creek canyon and the history of the earthworks. The archaeological importance of the reserve forms the basis for programs educating elementary-school children about archaeology. Williamson Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1971 — becoming Greene County&#39;s first site on the Register aside from Huffman Prairie, where the Wright brothers learned to fly — and the Pollock Works followed two months later.</p><br>
<p>The Vogl House, is a historic home located near Masten&#39;s Corner, Kent County, Delaware. It was built by Bavarian immigrants Wilhelmine Vogl and John Vogl in 1915. The H-shaped house consists of two large wings joined by a central section. The house is constructed of concrete block and is a unique folk art house with lavish details.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The listing included five contributing buildings and two contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The Allee House is a historic home located on the Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, near Dutch Neck Crossroads, overlooking the fields and marshes of Kent County, Delaware. It is believed to have been built in about 1753 by Abraham Allee, Sr., son of John Allee, who purchased the land in 1706 and 1711. The Allees were descended from French Huguenots who moved to New Jersey in 1680, then settled in Delaware. The original spelling of the Allee surname is d&#39;Ailly. Abraham Allee served as a member of the Assembly in 1726, was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1738, and was Chief Ranger for the county in 1749.</p><br>
<p>The Allee House is one of the best preserved examples of an early brick farmhouse in Delaware. It is in the English Queen Anne style and features fine brickwork laid in Flemish bond with a few glazed header bricks. The interior of the house is distinguished by the handsome wood paneling of the parlor. The cornice in this room has a dentil course that is particularly well formed, and the splendid panels of the chimney breast are joined on either side by two striking recessed, arched china closets. These closets have paneled doors and graduated butterfly shelves against a barrel back with a fluted center post.</p><br>
<p>Over the past 40 years, the house&#39;s walls and support beams have become damaged and weakened by water. Tours of the Allee House have been discontinued due to unsafe conditions related to sagging floors and chimney damage. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and is administered as part of Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<p>The Jesse J. and Mary F. Allee House, also known as the Allee Mansion, is a historic house at 2020 640th Street in Newell, Iowa. The Queen Anne style Victorian house was built in 1891. The Newell Historical Society leased the house in 1988 and subsequently restored it to a Victorian appearance; the historical society now uses the mansion as a museum. The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Canandaigua Veterans Hospital Historic District is a historic hospital and national historic district located at Canandaigua in Ontario County, New York. The district includes 29 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures. They were built or utilized during the period 1931 to 1950. The Veterans Administration opened the facility in 1933, as a veterans neuropsychiatric hospital. The original hospital buildings built in 1932, include the main building, kitchen / dining hall, acute building, continued treatment building, recreation building, laundry, warehouse, boiler plant, attendants quarters, sewage pump house, garage, and gatehouse. The buildings are constructed of brick and feature crenellation, gabled parapets, half-timbering, steeply gabled roofs, and Tudor arches reflective of the Tudor Revival and Jacobethan Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Batavia Veterans Administration Hospital is a historic hospital and national historic district located at Batavia in Genesee County, New York. The district includes 15 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 1 contributing structure, and 3 contributing objects. They were built or utilized during the period 1932 to 1950. The Veterans Administration opened the facility in 1934, as a regional veterans hospital. It was later converted to a tuberculosis sanitarium. The original hospital buildings built in 1932 include the main building, kitchen / dining hall / attendants quarters, recreation building, nurses quarters, managers quarters, officer&#39;s duplex quarters, laundry, storehouse, boiler house, transformer and animal house, station garage, and the sewage pump house. The administration building was added in 1939. The buildings are constructed of brick and feature decorative elements reflective of the Colonial Revival and Classical Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Williams Creek School is located at 5501 South Ranch to Market Road 1623 in Gillespie County, in the USA state of Texas. Although now consolidated with the community of Stonewall, the school is actually located south of there in the ghost town of Albert. It was established in 1891 as the Albert School, and was originally a log cabin on Williams Creek. Six years later, it was moved farther from the creek onto a larger piece of land. A new building was constructed of native limestone.</p><br>
<p>Up until World War I, classes were taught exclusively in the German language. The war brought a new law that not only required all classes, except foreign languages, to be in English but also banned the use of German on school property. During the 1920–1921 school year, Lyndon B. Johnson was an 8th-grade student in the one-room school. An additional room was added in 1922 to accommodate expanded enrollment. The school was consolidated with Stonewall in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The building is now used as a community center. The school was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 2002. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gillespie County, Texas on May 6, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Orphans Cemetery is a four-acre cemetery located at the southwest corner of Orphans Cemetery Road and Jim Harp Road between US 341 and US 23 near Eastman, Georgia. The area was originally known as Orphans in honor of Albert Genavie Williamson, a Dodge County entrepreneur, and his five younger orphaned brothers who moved there in 1873–74 from North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>About 1885, A. G. Williamson donated the land and built the Orphans Christian Church. When a neighbors child, George Paul Alexander Barnes, died in 1887, Williamson donated a burial plot across the road from the church. After the funeral, he had a magnolia tree planted by the childs grave. Other burials followed. The earliest were infants and young children of the Thomas, Weldy, and Lashley families. Other common names in the original acre are Hardy, Manley, Steele, Stuckey, and Williamson.</p><br>
<p>On August 17, 1912, Williamson had a twin mausoleum and columned canopy, built from Georgia marble, erected at the cemetery. Under the canopy above the mausoleum is life-size statuary depicting A. G., his wife, Martha J. Buchan Williamson, and their nephew, Jay Gould Williamson. The statuary was sculpted from Italian marble in Carrara, Italy, based on a family photograph.</p><br>
<p>A. G. and Martha Williamson are buried in the mausoleum and other members of the Williamson family, including three of the orphaned brothers, are buried around it in a lot surrounded by a wrought iron fence that was erected around 1912. The original magnolia tree, designated as Mr. Williamson&#39;s Magnolia, still stands in the cemetery near the mausoleum.</p><br>
<p>The Williamson Mausoleum at Orphans Cemetery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1997.</p><br>
<p>Amos Wood House is a historic home located near North Landing, Ellisburg in Jefferson County, New York. The house was built in 1826, and consists of three sections: the main block, ell, and service addition. The limestone main block is a -story, five bay structure. The one-story limestone ell has a frame upper structure. The two-story frame service addition is attached to the ell. Also on the property is a contributing late-19th century sugar house and early-20th century chicken coop.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Judd Hill Cotton Gin is a historic cotton gin in Judd Hill, Arkansas. The gin was part of the Judd Hill Plantation, which was established by businessman Orange Judd Hill in the 1920s and sold to Hill&#39;s daughter and her husband, Esther and Samuel Chapin, in 1933. The cotton gin was built on the plantation circa 1930; its brick construction, designed to prevent fires, makes it a rarity among extant cotton gins. The plantation was successful throughout the 1940s and became one of the largest farms in Poinsett County. The cotton gin ceased operations in the 1970s or 1980s, but the plantation is still operated by the Judd Hill Foundation established by Esther Chapin. On September 28, 2005, the cotton gin was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Weller House, located at 524 Stewart Street in Fort Bragg, California, is a historic Victorian house that is operating as a bed & breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The oldest building in the city, it was built in 1886 for Horace Alanson Weller Sr., a prominent figure in the early history of Fort Bragg who was manager of the Union Lumber Company Store then co-founder of the towns first bank. Expanded a year later, it came to include three stories with 10 rooms totaling 10,000 ft&sup2, including a 900 ft&sup2; ballroom. It is centrally located in Fort Braggs oldest residential neighborhood, which also came to be known by the name Weller, occupying four contiguous city lots with 200 ft of frontage and a total area of 0.5 acre.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The listing included two contributing buildings and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
